At the forefront of the quickly evolving discipline of nanotechnology are nanomaterials. These materials are outstanding and indispensable in many areas of human activity because of their special size-dependent characteristics. This concise overview aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements in the field of applied nanomaterials, including their use in biology and medicine, and addresses the potential for commercialization. Because of their customisable surface properties and large range of core materials, nanoparticles are a great platform for a wide range of biological and medicinal applications. An overview of nanoparticle–biomolecular interactions and current uses of nanoparticles in biological sensing, delivery, and imaging of living cells and tissues are given in this review.