Tooth-supported overdentures remain a valuable yet often underutilized treatment option for the rehabilitation of partially edentulous patients. Preserving natural teeth as overdenture abutments helps maintain alveolar bone, improves proprioception, and enhances retention and stability compared with conventional complete dentures. The present case report describes the prosthetic management of a patient requiring mandibular rehabilitation in whom remaining teeth were strategically retained and restored with a tooth-supported overdenture using O-ring attachments, while a conventional complete denture was fabricated for the maxilla. Careful diagnosis, evaluation of inter-arch space, and patient preference guided the treatment plan, with elective endodontics performed on the selected abutments followed by precise preparation and chairside incorporation of the attachment components. The O-ring system provided satisfactory retention, stability, and patient comfort, with successful function maintained during a one-year follow-up. This report reinforces the clinical relevance of tooth-supported overdentures as a minimally invasive and cost-effective alternative when anatomical, functional, or financial factors limit the use of implant-based or bar-retained designs, and highlights the importance of meticulous planning and periodic maintenance to ensure long-term success.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare two disinfection methods (microwave
disinfection and chemical immersion disinfection) and to determine the best disinfection
method for the gypsum cast which produce the least changes on compressive strength.
Materials and Methods: A total of 36 specimens were prepared using standardized carbon
steel dies. The specimens were divided into three groups (n=12 each): Control group
contains gypsum rinsed with distilled water, Study group I consists of gypsum casts
immersed in 0.5% Sodium Hypochlorite and Study group II consists of gypsum casts
irradiated in a microwave oven. Compressive strength of the specimens was evaluated using
a universal testing machine, where each specimen was placed on the test platform and
compressed to record the deformation at various loads.
Results:In this study, the mean compressive strength values obtained were 24.69 MPa for
Group 1, 13.77 MPa for Group 2, and 23.93 MPa for Group 3. Statistical evaluation showed
a significant variation among the groups, with Group 2 exhibiting considerably lower
compressive strength than Groups 1 and 3.
Conclusion:Based on the findings, it can be concluded that immersion in sodium
hypochlorite significantly reduces the compressive strength of the tested material, whereas
microwave disinfection does not cause a notable decrease compared to the control.

A B S T R A C T

Childhood obesity is a multifaceted problem that encompasses a variety of interrelated factors. It is not merely a result of excessive caloric intake or lack of physical activity; rather, it involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, social, and psychological influences.

Several economic factors significantly influence the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. Economic policies and food pricing can also impact childhood obesity rates. The interplay of socioeconomic status, access to recreational facilities, food marketing, parental education, and economic policies collectively shapes the landscape of childhood overweight and obesity.

Addressing childhood obesity requires a comprehensive approach that involves not only individual behaviour changes but also community and policy-level interventions. This includes promoting healthier food environments, encouraging physical activity, and providing education to families about nutrition and healthy lifestyle choices. Only through a collaborative effort can we hope to mitigate the complex issues surrounding childhood obesity and foster a healthier future for our children.

Introduction: Foodborne diseases are a significant public health issue in developing nations
due to poor sanitation and food handling practices. Mothers, as primary caregivers, play a
vital role in ensuring food safety for their children.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a planned teaching programme on knowledge
regarding foodborne diseases and food safety among mothers of children under 12 years.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group design was employed.
A total of 60 mothers attending a selected hospital in Nellore were selected using a
convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire
assessing knowledge before and after the intervention.
Result: Post-intervention results showed a significant improvement in knowledge scores in
the experimental group (Mean pre-test: 12.71 ± 3.10; Mean post-test: 17.68 ± 3.0; t = 10.26,
p< 0.001).
Conclusion: The planned teaching programme significantly improved the knowledge of
mothers regarding foodborne diseases and food safety. 

ABS TRAC T

Radiology reports are the interface between images and bedside action. For surgeons, oncologists, internists and emergency physicians, a few lines in the impression can determine admission, operation, anticoagulation or reassurance. When reports are ambiguous, internally inconsistent, or lack a plan, clinicians face uncertainty that delays care and increases downstream testing. From the clinician’s perspective, the most disruptive problems are missed yet management‑defining findings, dropped negations or laterality errors, overloaded impressions that bury the lede and absent guideline‑anchored recommendations. Conversely, reports that answer the referral question in the first sentence, rank items by urgency and offer time‑bound guidance linked to society standards are trusted and acted upon. This narrative review synthesizes published evidence and professional guidance to outline a practical, clinician‑centric blueprint for radiology reporting. We highlight modality‑specific blind spots (thorax, abdomen/pelvis, neuro, musculoskeletal), provide impression stems and a ten‑minute sign‑off routine, and discuss peer‑learning loops and AI/NLP safety nets. Aligning reports with how clinicians read and decide turns them into reliable instruments that improve outcomes, reduce callbacks and strengthen interdisciplinary trust ^{1–8, 9–14, 15, 23–25}.

Vaginal carcinoma is a rare malignancy that typically occurs in older women, often associated with HPV infection. Its diagnosis in HIV-positive individuals presents unique challenges due to immune suppression, which allows persistent HPV infection to thrive and potentially lead to cancer. This report highlights the case of a 58-year-old HIV-positive woman diagnosed with advanced vaginal squamous cell carcinoma. The case emphasizes the need for careful consideration of both HIV treatment and oncologic care in the elderly population

Introduction: Introduction Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a severe ophthalmic disease
capable of causing blindness and morbidityif not properlymanaged.Interventional options
include management of systemic and ocular risk factors with intravitreal anti-vascular
endothelial growth factors (IVAVEGF), steroids (IS), gene therapy (GT), peptide-based
agents (PBA) and small molecule inhibitors (SMI).
Aim: To assess visual prognosis, most common etiology and type of occlusion inlarge series
ofpatients after being diagnosed with RVO.
Materials and Methods: Records of patients who had been managed for RVO were
reviewed retrospectively for safety, complication, visual outcome and prognosis. Patients’
demographic data, indications of treatment and length of follow up were collected and
analysed using Welch Two Sample t-test.
Results: Eighty-four eyes of 80 patients (44 females and 36 males) were identified.
Mean age at diagnosis was 57.19 +7 (range 30-70 years) with minimum follow up of 7
years (range 7 – 10). Visual acuities improved in 74 (88.09%), worsened in 4 (4.76%)
and remained unchanged in 6 (7.14%) eyes managed withIVAVEGF, observation and
steroids respectively. The most common etiologies were hypertension 42 (50%),
glaucoma 16 (19.04%) and diabetes 10 (11.90%). Four Yeyes had complications the
most common of whichwas neovascular glaucoma (NVG) 2 (50.00%). Seventy-four
(88.09%) had non ischemic whilst 4 eyes (4.76%) had ischemic occlusions.
Conclusion: Visual prognosis of RVO is generally good with IVAVEGF. IS are useful when
IVAVEGF fails in visual recovery. Novel treatment like GT, PBA and SMI are promising.
Management of underlying systemic and ocular diseases and risk factors is equally
fundamental.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises over 200 related viruses, with high-risk types like HPV-16 and HPV-18 accounting for about 70% of cervical cancer cases—the fourth most common cancer in women globally.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 in the Paediatric OPD of KIMS & RF, targeting adolescent girls aged 12–15 years. The study included all girls within this age group who attended the OPD and provided consent, either personally or through a guardian.

Result: The study sample consisted of 150 adolescent girls aged between 12 and 15 years, and data were collected on their sociodemographic characteristics, as well as their knowledge and attitude regarding HPV vaccination. Among the sociodemographic factors, 13-14 years age group with 34.6% followed by 14-15 years age group with 33.3%. About the knowledge of HPV infection, Cervical cancer and HPV vaccination, majority of participantsdon’t know relevant questions.

Conclusion: The study concludes that inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes toward cervical cancer, HPV infection, and the HPV vaccine among adolescent girls.

Plantar vein thrombosis is a remarkably rare and underdiagnosed vascular condition that affects the venous system of the foot, particularly the medial and lateral plantar veins. While deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs is relatively common, isolated involvement of the plantar veins has been documented in only a few dozen cases globally. The rarity of this entity, combined with its nonspecific clinical presentation—typically characterized by unexplained plantar foot pain, worsened by walking, and associated with localized swelling—makes diagnosis particularly challenging. Traditional risk factors for DVT, such as prolonged immobilization, recent surgical procedures, and underlying malignancy, are often present, but in plantar thrombosis, mechanical factors such as repetitive microtrauma from tight footwear, high-impact physical activity, or use of orthotics may play a more central etiological role by damaging vascular endothelium and triggering local thrombogenesis.

Given the subtle clinical signs, imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Doppler ultrasound often demonstrates non-compressible plantar veins with absent flow signals, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides more comprehensive anatomical and functional assessment. Key MRI findings include a lack of contrast enhancement within the thrombosed veins, loss of the normal T2 hyperintense signal, and evidence of surrounding soft tissue edema, which further supports inflammatory changes. In our reported case, a 62-year-old obese woman presented with sudden-onset plantar pain, with MRI revealing thrombosis of the medial plantar veins extending into the posterior tibial veins. Timely diagnosis allowed for the initiation of anticoagulant therapy, which remains the cornerstone of treatment and is essential to prevent further thrombotic complications.

Although rare, plantar vein thrombosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent or unexplained plantar foot pain, especially in patients with underlying risk factors. Increased awareness among clinicians and radiologists, along with prompt imaging evaluation, can improve recognition and outcomes for this often-overlooked condition.