Context: Immediate placement of dental implants into fresh extraction sockets is indicated to be a predictable and successful procedure when proper protocols were followed but results from published studies are incon­clusive and unclear

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of immediate implants placement in fresh extracted sockets with peri-apical lesions as compared to without peri-apical lesions

Settings and Design: This Prospective controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a Dental College and Research Institute in North-India

Methods and Material: The study consists of Control-Group with 12 extraction socket without peri-apical infection and study-Group with 12 extraction sockets with peri-apical infection for immediate implant placement. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) and Labial bone thickness at baseline and at 4 months were assessed.

Statistical analysis: Independent sample t-test and paired t-test were used to test for association taking a p-value <0.05 as level of significance.

Results: The two groups were comparable by gender and age. The Implant survival rate at 4 months of follow-up was found to be 100% in both groups. The mean(SD) ISQ at the baseline increased significantly at 4 months in both groups and was found to be statistically significant(p<0.001).A statistically significant gain in Labial bone thickness from the baseline was detected in the control group (0.958±0.320mm) and study group (1.025±0.133mm)(p<0.001) but no significant difference was detected between the two groups (p=0.688).

Conclusions: Implant bone stability and Gain in Labial bone thickness at 4months was comparable and implant survival was 100% in both groups.