Transdermal drug delivery is a appropriate method for controlled drug release, having several advantage. It allows for safe and pain free self administration, Transdermal patch is suitable for poly-medicated and those with difficulty in swallowing tablets or pills. It provides a constantprolongreleaseofmedicationandavoidingfirstpastmetabolismwhichissuitableforthe drug whose bioavailability is low. Transdermal drug delivery also increase the therapeutic effect ofdrugbybypassingtheissueoccurbyoraladministrationofdruglikepre-systemicmetabolism and GI irritation. Transdermal drug delivery not only allows controlled, continual release of medications  but also permits constant delivery of drug with low biological half-life of drug. The benefit of transdermal drug delivery across other route of drug delivery such as topical, oral, intravenous, intramuscular etc., is that the patch gives a controlled release of medication to the patient. Transdermal patch are suitable for those drugs of low bioavailability and  having short half life.

Objective:- The objective of the work is to prepare a  transdermal patch of doxylamine succinate for the treatment of allergic effect as well as anti-emetic effect in pregnancy.

The review was carried about emulgel formulations used for delivering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) through the skin. Emulgels are a new type of topical medicine that is applied to the skin as a semi-solid form and works by coming in contact with the outer skin layer. Using emulgels for drug delivery has many benefits. It avoids the livers first past metabolism, can be used without a doctor, improves patient comfort, targets specific areas, allows the use of water-insoluble drugs, and offers better drug loading, stability, and controlled release. Its also cheaper and easier to make compared to other delivery systems. The creation of emulgels involves mixing oil and water phases with emulsifiers, polymers, and agents that help the drug absorbed through the skin. The review discusses the types of emulgels, their pros and cons, ingredients, how they are made, how they are tested, how NSAIDs work in them, different marketed emulgel products, and ongoing research in this field.

The topical administration of Anti-biotic with Anti-allergic Emulgel to enhance the activity of both preparations. Topical Loratadine in the treatment of localised skin allergy and Gentamicin sulphate is cure the localized Anti-bacterial activity and Emulgel have both properties deliver the Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic drug properties and have Emulsion and Gel combination to fast delivery. Both combination drugs used through skin by-pass delivery GI and First-pass metabolism alteration.  There are various compatible properties like being thixotropic, emollient, greaseless, readily spreadable. Longer shelf life, to other conventional market product. Emulgel are commonly used for the delivery of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic preparations with cosmetic product. The measurement of physical and rheological assessment, pH, Spredability, Stability studies, skin irritation test, other properties are evaluated. They also have high ability to penetrate the skin easily. The formulation is based on the emulsion gel as well as gelling agent Carbopol emulsifying agent span and tween preservative as methyl paraben propyl paraben used pH adjuster use in formulation are triethylamine and some chemicals are used in formulation.

Niosomes represent self-assembled vesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol that function as drug delivery systems because they exhibit stability features along with biocompatibility in addition to their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs [11,13]. These vesicles enhance drug solubility while securing active compounds from deterioration in addition to delivering medications at controlled rates for drawn-out periods [3, 5, 28]. Structural adaptability of niosomes serves to control drug delivery systems which leads to improved therapeutic results together with decreased side effects [17, 21]. The optimized niosome preparations exhibit beneficial characteristics of size distribution and zeta potential along with high encapsulation efficiencies that various production methods including thin film hydration and reverse phase evaporation generate [4, 12]. Cholesterol together with oleic acid as functional ingredients enhances drug delivery membranes by making them rigid and controlling drug release properties [13,27]. The versatility of niosomes extends to various bioactive agents including plant extracts as well as metal nanoparticles and antibiotics and peptides and anticancer agents which demonstrates their wide range of pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications [9, 26,]. Since these structures enhance drug penetration through the skin along with oral absorption they help deliver poorly soluble pharmaceutical compounds [19]. Multiple studies establish that the integration of limonene or fucoidan during functionalization enhances the cells' ability to take in and recognize these delivery systems [39]. The combination of niosomes' lack of immunogenicity and their adjustable surface features makes these vesicles advantageous for transporting vaccines and genes and imaging in medicine applications [53].

Jaundice is one of the most common diseases affecting the liver, where the skin, eyes, and urine undergo yellowish coloration, usually due to some malfunctioning of bilirubin metabolism. Though various conventional treatments exist for the treatment of jaundice, herbal remedies have been in practice since time unknown to prevent symptoms and restore liver function. This review explores the use of herbal syrups in the management of jaundice with special emphasis on Bhumiamalika, Bhringaraj, and the leaves of Papaya, all having hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The active principles in these herbs, flavonoids and phenolics, help to reduce the oxidative and inflammatory stress within the liver. Such processes of extraction like boiling and maceration are carried out to maximize the therapeutic effects. Even with such promise, safety and efficacy of herbal syrups would need clinical evaluation in order to ensure proper standardization and dosages in addition to quality control. The future for herbal jaundice treatments appears promising, although further research is undertaken to optimize their use and to minimize adverse effects.

One of the most popular and widely cultivated vegetable crops worldwide is onions (Allium cepa L.). Onion bulbs are highly valued commercially and rank third in significance among horticulture spices due to their distinct flavor. Many indigenous societies have long utilized A. cepa for its therapeutic qualities in addition to its culinary applications. To support these popular views, a number of publications have been created. However, current, thorough information about the traditional and ethnopharmacological properties of A. cepa is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the published literature regarding the phytochemical composition, pharmacological characteristics, and traditional use of A. cepa. Numerous pharmacological qualities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-hypertensive, and immunoprotective qualities, have been discovered in A. cepa. Despite the large number of in vitro and in vivo studies that have been carried out, several limitations and information gaps remain that require further research.

In recent years, artificial intelligence has shown great promise as a tool for drug discovery and development. Drug development may be expedited by using artificial intelligence to uncover novel drug targets, forecast the characteristics of molecules, and create therapeutic candidates with better chances of success. Furthermore, to maximize medication development and enhance patient outcomes, artificial intelligence may be utilized to evaluate enormous volumes of data from clinical trials and real-world evidence. Large quantities of chemical and biological data, such as pharmacological information, clinical trial findings, and molecular structures, may be used to train artificial intelligence systems. Subsequently, these algorithms may be employed to forecast novel medication candidates' characteristics, including their safety, effectiveness, and possible adverse effects. This can boost clinical trial success rates and drastically cut down on the time and expense of medication development. Using data from illness models, patient samples, and proteomics and genomic analysis, artificial intelligence may also be utilized to find novel targets for pharmaceuticals. This can assist scientists in discovering novel drug action routes and processes, which might result in the creation of more potent treatments for a variety of illnesses. The planning of clinical trials is one further way that artificial intelligence is being used in drug development.